A special oil cylinder type coupler disassembling and assembling device is characterized in that the special oil cylinder type coupler disassembling and assembling device comprises a base, springs, pressing blocks, a cylinder, a synchronous supporting frame, a supporting bracket, an upper puller and a lower puller, wherein a detaching device is fixedly connected to the base and comprises the springs; one end of each spring is connected to the base; the other end of each spring is connected with the corresponding pressing block; the pressing blocks are fixed to the lower surface of the supporting bracket; a puller assembly is connected to the upper surface of the supporting bracket and comprises the upper puller and the lower puller; the upper puller and the lower puller are connected through a damping device with the cylinder; the upper puller is controlled through stretching and retracting of the cylinder; the springs are sleeved with sleeves which are fixedly connected to the base; the synchronous supporting frame is connected between the sleeves; and the radial area of an inner cavity of each sleeve is matched with the radial area of the corresponding pressing block and the radial area of the corresponding spring. The special oil cylinder type coupler disassembling and assembling device has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple, operation is convenient, labor intensity of staff is reduced, use is flexible, disassembling and assembling are easy, and the special oil cylinder type coupler disassembling and assembling device is safe and reliable, specialized, mechanized, high in work efficiency and the like.