An automatic production system for roller chains, comprising an automatic assembly apparatus, an automatic detection apparatus, an automatic riveting apparatus, an automatic pre-tensioning apparatus, an automatic lubricating apparatus, and an automatic packaging and boxing apparatus. The automatic assembly apparatus is configured to assemble all parts into a whole chain; the automatic detection apparatus comprises a missing part detection means and an image detection means that are respectively configured for missing part detection and defect detection of the whole chain; the automatic riveting apparatus is configured to rivet hinge pins on the whole chain; the automatic pre-tensioning apparatus is configured to pre-tension the whole chain to discharge scraps in the chain; the automatic lubricating apparatus is configured to control the amount of lubricating oil during lubrication of the whole chain to reduce environment pollution caused by oil smoke; the automatic packaging and boxing apparatus is configured to disassemble the whole chain into sections at a proper length and then assemble the sections into a chain ring to form a roller chain for packaging and boxing. The system is convenient to operate, has high integration level, and can implement high-efficiency, automatic, and systematic production of roller chains.