The invention discloses a data acquisition device and a data acquisition method based on a double-mainboard framework. The double-mainboard framework comprises an X86 mainboard and an ARM mainboard, wherein an OPC Server developed on the X86 mainboard comprises a start module, a label point reception module, a label point processing module, a label point publishing module and a data processing module, and an OPCClient developed on the ARM mainboard comprises an acquisition module and a sending module. The data acquisition device based on the double-mainboard framework and operating system isoforming, malicious programs such as viruses are prevented from spreading between the industrial control network and the management network, and safety of real-time data acquisition in an industrial control system is improved.