The invention discloses a convenient-to-fabricate high-voltage cable head marking and cutting positioning method employing one-time marking positioning. The right end surface of a positioning block at a main ruler jaw end of a high-voltage cable head marking and cutting positioner is aligned with the end surface of a to-be-cut high-voltage cable; a secondary ruler snap ring is clamped on an excircle of the high-voltage cable; a secondary ruler is moved to the required marking dimension L1; a first marking and cutting positioning assist device is arranged, so that the right end surface of the first marking and cutting positioning assist device is aligned with the left end surface of the secondary ruler; a bolt is locked and the position of a marking position L1 is determined; and the positions of the marking positions L2, L3, L4, L5 ... Ln are determined through repeated operations; and finally, the excircle of the high-voltage cable is sequentially marked by a marking tool, the corresponding positions of L1 to Ln are determined and a to-be-stripped material is cut and stripped layer by layer. By one-time marking positioning, the precision can reach 0.02mm; and a cable sheath, a steel strip armor, a copper shielding layer, a semiconducting layer, a main cable insulating layer and the like are stripped off in a layered manner according to the marking positions.