The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method based on a corn carbon and nitrogen metabolism difference. The method comprises the following steps: 1, determining a carbon and nitrogen metabolism type from a nitrogen sensitive type, a carbon and nitrogen coordination type, a vigorous nitrogen metabolism type and a weak carbon metabolism type based on a genotype difference presented by coordination of corn variety carbon and nitrogen metabolism; 2, specific to different carbon and nitrogen metabolism types, adopting different fertilizer applying measures: (1) for the nitrogen sensitive type, dressing urea at a nutrient growth and reproduction growth stage of corn, wherein the total amount of applied pure nitrogen is less than or equal to 360kg/ha; (2) for the carbon and nitrogen coordination type, controlling the total amount of applied pure nitrogen at 200-240kg/ha; (3) for the vigorous nitrogen metabolism type, applying a pure fertilizer in an amount of 240-320kg/ha; (4) for the weak carbon metabolism type, dressing urea at the nutrient growth and reproduction growth stage, wherein the using amount of pure nitrogen needs to be controlled at 240-320kg/ha. By adopting the high-yield cultivation method, seeds are selected scientifically, fertilization is optimized, and corn physiological metabolism is coordinated in order to increase the nutrient utilization rate, lower environmental pollution and improve the yield and quality of the corn.