The invention discloses a device for removing riverway floating oil through solar energy photolysis. The device comprises a support, a body, a solar cell panel and a storage battery. The body is erected on the support and movably connected with the support, the solar cell panel is arranged above the body, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the solar cell panel. The body comprises a hollow barrel, a sealing cover and multiple blades. Ultraviolet tubes electrically connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the solar cell panel and a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the storage battery are arranged in the hollow barrel. The outer surface, covered with an oleophilic layer, of the hollow barrel is provided with axial grooves with through holes formed in the bottoms, the through holes stretch inwards in the radial direction to form hollow conical barrels with holes formed in the tops, the bottoms of the hollow conical barrels are arranged on the inner wall of the hollow barrel and provided with open holes right opposite to the corresponding through holes, and the side wall faces, irradiated by the ultraviolet tubes, of the hollow conical barrels are covered with photocatalytic materials. At least one openable sealing cover covers the two ends of the hollow barrel. The blades protrude outwards in the radial direction from the outer surface of the hollow barrel. No power device is needed, and the device is high in oil removal efficiency, simple in structure, low in price, convenient to use and low in maintenance cost.