The invention discloses a method for producing ethanol by high-temperature enzymolysis and fermentation of lignocellulose. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating a lignocellulose raw material to obtain a pretreated raw material; (2) adding the pretreated raw material, cellulase, water and xylitol into an enzymolysis tank to perform pre-enzymolysis, and controlling the dry matter concentration of an enzymolysis system to be 15-25wt%; (3) adding a feed liquor after enzymolysis into a fermentation tank and adding a butanol fermentation strain to perform synchronous saccharification and fermentation; and (4) adding a fermentation liquor into a rectification device to separate ethanol. According to the method, xylitol is added in the enzymolysis system, so that the high-temperature tolerance of the cellulase is improved, the activity of cellulase enzymolysis under the high-temperature condition is high, the cellulase consumption is reduced, the lignocellulose enzymolysis efficiency is raised, and the economy is improved.