The invention discloses a down-hole hydraulic screw automatic pressure regulating water injection device. The down-hole hydraulic screw automatic pressure regulating water injection device comprises an upper drive device, a spindle assembly and a lower drive device. The lower end of the upper drive device is connected with the upper end of the spindle assembly through an upper universal coupling. The upper end of the lower drive device is connected with the lower end of the spindle assembly through a lower universal coupling. A water distribution mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the upper drive device. The water distribution mechanism, the upper drive device, the spindle assembly and the lower drive device which are arranged from top to bottom are all in a communicating state. The water distribution mechanism comprises an inner water distribution pipe and an outer water distribution sleeve, and the inner water distribution pipe is sleeved with the outer water distribution sleeve. A side hole is formed in the inner water distribution pipe and leads to the outside of the outer water distribution sleeve straight. A packer is arranged in the position, located above the side hole, of an inner cavity of the inner water distribution pipe. The spindle assembly mainly comprises a hollow spindle and a thrust bearing. According to the down-hole hydraulic screw automatic pressure regulating water injection device, the requirement for all-layer water injection pressure of a well with a large interlayer pressure difference is met, and surplus pressure energy of a high-permeability layer is transformed into energy which a low-permeability layer needs, so that energy loss is reduced, and rational utilization of the energy is achieved.