The invention discloses a chemical heat regeneration type diesel engine, belongs to the field of internal combustion engines, and solves the problems of lower efficiency and higher oil consumption in a traditional diesel engine. The chemical heat regeneration type diesel engine imitates working principles of a chemical heat regeneration type aloof ramjet and a chemical heat regeneration circulating gas turbine; and diesel is sprayed into a cylinder for burning after finishing the chemical heat regeneration process. When the engine is operated, the diesel flows out from an oil tank to supercharge to form high-pressure diesel after filtration and flow adjustment; the high-pressure diesel flows into a spiral cooling channel to absorb heat generated by burning of a fuel in the cylinder and dispersed to the wall surface of the cylinder; the chemical cracking is generated when protecting the wall surface to generate one part of gaseous micromolecule products; a switching valve is switched to a thermal fuel oil way; high-temperature cracking gas and non-cracked diesel steam enter a gaseous fuel nozzle by the switching valve, and then are sprayed into the cylinder for burning; when the engine is started, as a temperature field is not built, the diesel is still in a liquid state before entering the cylinder; the switching valve is switched to a cold fuel oil way; and the diesel is sprayed into the cylinder after being atomized by a liquid fuel nozzle.