The invention relates to a detection system and method for a fuse and fan control detection board of an uninterrupted power source, and the method comprises the steps that a front-end processor analyzes test case information; a relay testing instrument and a DC adjustable power supply respectively output an AC current excitation signal and a DC voltage excitation signal; a temperature and humidity measurement and control panel collects the temperature and humidity information and collects the DC voltage excitation signal; a collection control device enables the DC voltage excitation signal to be connected to a collection adaption device through a corresponding channel, and collects the AC voltage excitation signal; the collection adaption device carries out the conditioning of the AC current excitation signal and the DC voltage excitation signal, transmit the AC current excitation signal and the DC voltage excitation signal to the fuse and fan control detection board and an inversion control interface board, and carries out the conditioning and collection of a response signal outputted by an output end of the fuse and fan control detection board; and the front-end processor carries out the processing and storage of the collected excitation signals, the response signal and the temperature and humidity information. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the method improves the work efficiency of a tester and reduces the cost of maintenance.