The invention relates to a fast butt-joint auxiliary device for intraoperative blood vessels. The fast butt-joint auxiliary device comprises a butt-joint ring and a releasing device. The butt-joint ring is formed by overlapping valve rings in a head-tail mode, and the size is adjustable. A shaft of the releasing device can rotate relative to a shaft sleeve instead of moving axially, a rear nut can rotate relative to the shaft while sliding relative to a sliding groove, expansion valve rings are connected with front nuts and the rear nut through connecting rods respectively, uniform tension positioning columns on the expansion valve rings are matched with uniform tension positioning columns in the butt-joint ring, fixing grooves are matched with guide grooves to convey the butt-joint ring to a pre-butt-joint position, the front nuts and the rear nut are equal in moving speed and opposite in direction, it is ensured that the expansion valve rings are parallel to the shaft, and the butt-joint ring is uniformly expanded to a suitable size; in the expanding process, the valve rings are held together through front and rear holding claws of the valve rings, by means of the guide grooves, the adjacent valve rings slide in the circumferential direction, and it is ensured that the butt-joint ring is formed well; an upper annular groove and a lower annular groove formed by the guide grooves are used for overlapping, bundling, limiting and falling preventing of human body blood vessels and artificial blood vessels.