The invention relates to a surface ultrasonic scale prevention and removal system for a solar photovoltaic panel. The system comprises the solar photovoltaic panel which is fixed on an inclined photovoltaic panel bracket. The system is characterized by further comprising an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic signal transmission cable and an ultrasonic energy converter, wherein the ultrasonic generator is used for generating ultrasonic waves along the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel; the ultrasonic signal transmission cable is used or transmitting ultrasonic signals generated by the ultrasonic generator to the ultrasonic energy converter; and the ultrasonic energy converter is used for converting the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the ultrasonic signal transmission cable into high-frequency mechanical shocks to be transmitted in dust accumulated on the solar photovoltaic panel. The surface ultrasonic scale prevention and removal system is simple in structure, convenient to install, low in manufacturing and use costs and long in service life, the all-day continuous working can be realized, and accumulation and scaling of dust can be inhibited in the earlier stage of the formation of dust; and mechanical action is applied to the accumulated dust scale, so that the accumulated dust scale can be loosened and peeled by virtue of natural wind.