The invention provides a hydrophobic associated polymer, as shown in formula (I), y = 0.001 to 0.1, z = 0.03 to 0.3, x + y + z = 1; A is a group formed by copolymerizing hydrophobic monomers; the hydrophobic monomer is selected from one or more of allylic alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, acrylamide alkyl sulfonic acid and sulfonate thereof, alkylphenol ethoxylate acrylate and polyoxyethylene alkyl acrylate. Compared with the prior art, the monomeric unit of acrylamide in the hydrophobic associated polymer can provide a hydrophilic group for the hydrophobic associated polymer; the monomeric unit of the hydrophobic monomer can provide a hydrophobic side group for the hydrophobic associated polymer, and hydrophobic groups gather in water due to a hydrophobic interaction to form a spatial network structure; the solubility of the hydrophobic associated polymer can be improved and the rheological properties of the polymer can be changed by the monomeric unit of sodium acrylate; under the combined action of three units, the temperature resistance, salt tolerance and shear resistance of the hydrophobic associated polymer can be improved.