The invention relates to a device used for grouting reinforcement from the interior of a shield tunneling machine to a peripheral stratum. A steel casing pipe is stricken into the stratum in front of a reserved hole through the reserved hole in a shield body of the shield tunneling machine, and a perforated steel grouting pipe connected in the steel casing pipe is used for carrying out grouting reinforcement on the peripheral rock stratum of the shield body. Meanwhile, the peripheral stratum within different ranges can be reinforced through perforated steel grouting pipes with different lengths, and thus the purposes of carrying out grouting reinforcement from the interior of the shield tunneling machine to the peripheral stratum, controlling the settlement deformation of the stratum, performing supporting, and reducing shield trapping and construction safety risks are achieved. While the stratum is reinforced through grouting, a water closing ring and a backflow-prevention rubber pad are adopted, it can be effectively prevented that grout flows back into the shield tunneling machine body in the grouting process, and it is ensured that construction is safe and environmentally friendly.