The invention discloses a device integrating fuel gas plugging and vertical pipe pressure testing and a plugging pressure testing method. The device comprises a supporting sleeve and an adjusting rod, wherein the adjusting rod comprises a prolonging section, a connecting section and a swelling section, of which the outer diameters are gradually reduced; the supporting sleeve comprises a prolonging part and a connecting part; a locking thread is arranged at a joint of the prolonging part and the connecting part; a through hole is formed at the lower end of the locking thread on the supporting sleeve; a rear sleeve is in threaded connection with the top end of the supporting sleeve; a hollow joint is arranged on the rear sleeve; and an air hole which is communicated with the hollow joint is formed in the rear sleeve. According to the scheme, the plugging and the pressure testing are integrated, so that the scope of gas supply stopping is reduced, the risk in rescuing maintenance operation is reduced and the device and method are brand-new device and method for ensuring the quick and accurate rescuing operation.