The invention discloses an experiment apparatus utilizing rock debris to measure the friction characteristics of shale. A pressure loading rod is connected to a pressure loading template through a screw hole in a truss; the pressure loading template and a fixing template clamp a middle template through rock debris, which is in a sample groove and is embedded into epoxy resin so as to positive pressure for shearing movement of a sample in the sample groove; a displacement sensor arranged on the truss is used to measure the displacement of the middle template; a soft steel rope is tied to the lower end of the middle template; the soft steel rope goes through a spacing table rope hole, is winded around a manual screw wimble, and goes through a vibration isolation table rope hole, the terminal of the soft steel rope is tied to a counterweight; through rotating the screw wimble by hands, the middle template and counterweight can be pulled at the same time, a shearing force is applied on the middle template; a spring, which is fixed on the spacing table, is used to buffer the middle template during the gliding process; an electronic scale, which is right under the counterweight, can record the data of weight change of the counterweight; and data recorded by the electronic scale, displacement sensor, and pressure sensor is synchronously input into a computer through data transmission lines and stored in the computer.