The invention relates to a high-frequency surface wave radar TBD method based on polarization information. The method is used for settling problems of relatively detecting performance and relatively low tracking performance in a currently utilized TBD method in a high-frequency surface wave radar. The method comprises the following steps of a first step, eliminating a sea clutter in each echo data frame, thereby obtaining distance speed spectrum data which can be processed; a second step, performing constant false alarm detection on a first data frame obtained in the first step, thereby obtaining I(r,d)(1) and U1; a third step, obtaining I(r,d)(2) and U2 according to the second step; a forth step, obtaining I(r,d)(3) and U3 according to the third step; and a fifth step, performing iteration and executing the fourth step for (K-3) times until I(r,d)(K) is obtained, and obtaining the track of the target according to the I(r,d)(K). The high-frequency surface wave radar TBD method is applied in the field of high-frequency surface wave radar target detection and tracking.