The invention relates to an inverter synchronization card detection system and method. The detection system comprises a front-mounted control device, a DC (direct current) adjustable power supply, a collection control device and a collection adapting device, wherein the front-mounted control device receives different test cases and resolves the test cases into different control commands; the DC adjustable power supply receives a signal excitation command and sends a controllable voltage signal to the collection control device; the collection control device receives the test control command and the controllable voltage signal and sends the controllable voltage signal to the collection adapting device; and the collection adapting device receives and conditions the controllable voltage signal and outputs the controllable voltage signal to an inverter synchronization card, tests the inverter synchronization card, receives an adapting feedback command, processes the tested feedback signal and uploads the tested feedback signal to the front-mounted control device. By adopting the detection system and method provided by the invention, the shortcomings of the prior art that lots of manual operation is required, the requirements on operators are high and comprehensive function testing is unavailable are solved.