The invention discloses a nanocomposite with radial carbon framework nanoribbons carrying onion lamellar MoS2 nanoscale spheres. The nanocomposite takes the onion lamellar MoS2 nanoscale spheres as a carried object and the radial carbon framework nanoribbons as a carrying basic framework material to form a stable structure; a framework of the radial carbon framework nanoribbons is formed by crossing of the thin carbon framework nanoribbons about 1.5-2.0 micrometers in length and 80-100nm in width into a radial clearance shape, and the onion lamellar MoS2 nanoscale spheres are distributed in clearances of the radial carbon framework nanoribbons uniformly to form a stable carrying structure. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the nanocomposite and further provides application of the nanocomposite as a lithium ion battery anode material. The preparation method is high in repeatability, low in cost and simple in preparation conditions. The lithium ion battery anode material has the advantages of high stability and electrical conductivity, large contact specific surface area, high cycling stability and the like.