The invention provides a high-density cotton sowing machine which comprises a framework and a sowing device. The sowing device is arranged on the framework and is used for sowing cotton, a fertilization opener which can be used for forming fertilization grooves is arranged below the front end of the framework, a fertilization device is arranged on the framework, is positioned at the front of the sowing device and comprises a fertilization tank capable of accommodating fertilizers, a fertilization pipe is connected with the bottom of the fertilization tank, and the bottom of the fertilization pipe is close to the rear end of the fertilization opener; a bidirectional soil leveling auger which can be used for crushing and leveling soil is arranged at the rear of the fertilization pipe and comprises a rotary shaft and spiral sheets, and the spiral sheets are mounted on the rotary shaft and can extend towards the soil in a cutting manner under the effects of the rotary shaft, so that the soil can be conveyed and leveled, and soil lumps can be smashed. The high-density cotton sowing machine has the advantages that the high-density cotton sowing machine is provided with the bidirectional soil leveling auger, so that the soil on cotton ridges can be timely and effectively leveled after cotton is fertilized, and the cotton emergence rate can be increased.