The invention discloses an intraperitoneal injection and caudal vein blood sampling device, which comprises a porous plastic board, a supporting device, auxiliary fixing devices and a cloth bag. The auxiliary fixing devices are respectively arranged on the lateral surfaces of both ends of the porous plastic board, and each auxiliary fixing device comprises a fixed rod and a telescopic rod; a head fixing clamp is arranged at the left end of the upper part of the porous plastic board, and a neck fixing pile is arranged at the right end of the head fixing clamp; a drug feeding hole is formed in the middle part of the porous plastic board, and a tail blood sampling fixing device is arranged at the upper end of a tail blood sampling hole; a tail fixed hole is formed in the right side of the tail blood sampling hole; moreover, a bulge is formed at the lower part of the supporting device; the upper part of the supporting device is hinged with one end of a connecting piece by a rotating shaft, and a clamping ring corresponding to the bulge is arranged at the other end of the connecting piece; the lower end of the supporting device is hinged with a rotary table by a rotating shaft; and a base is arranged at the lower end of the rotary table. The intraperitoneal injection and caudal vein blood sampling device is convenient to sample blood, has high working efficiency, is convenient to use, and has high practicality.