The invention provides a high-temperature atmosphere rotary kiln with a lining pipe of a hexagonal structure. Due to the rotation of a kiln pipe and the hexagonal structure of the lining pipe of the kiln pipe, it can be ensured that materials in the kiln pipe are evenly heated, the efficiency of the whole material heating and conveying work is improved, and the production efficiency of a production line is improved. The high-temperature atmosphere rotary kiln comprises a bottom plate. A heating shell is arranged on the bottom plate. A feeding hopper and a discharging hopper are arranged at the two ends of the heating shell. The kiln pipe is arranged in the heating shell. An inner partition cavity formed by the heating shell and the kiln pipe is internally provided with a plurality of sets of thermocouples. The cross section of the lining pipe of the kiln pipe is of the hexagonal structure. The inlet end and the outlet end of the kiln pipe are exposed out of the two ends of the heating shell. Circular rings are arranged at the positions, connected with the two ends of the heating shell, of the inlet end and the outlet end of the kiln pipe. The circular rings are sleeved with rotating bearing structures. The inlet end and the outlet end, exposed out of the heating shell, of the kiln pipe are sleeved with rolling ring structures in a fastened manner.