The invention relates to a cooling treatment method for purifying industrial furnace gas. An intake pipe of a purifying device is connected with a first furnace gas channel and a second furnace gas channel arranged in a parallel manner; a spraying drying tower is arranged in the second furnace gas channel, and the channel is always located in a normal-open state; a first cooling treatment link is performed for furnace gas in the second furnace gas channel through the spraying drying tower; smoke, to be filtered, exhausted by the spraying drying tower after the first cooling treatment link performs the temperature detection to judge if a filter device can adapt to the temperature of the smoke to be filtered; when the filter device cannot adapt to the lower temperature of the smoke to be filtered, the first furnace gas channel is opened, and a second cooling treatment link is performed for the furnace gas in the first furnace gas channel by using the smoke to be filtered; when the filter device cannot adapt to the higher temperature of the smoke to be filtered, a third cooling treatment link is performed; and a cooling medium is input in the smoke to be filtered. The method uses the smoke to be filtered/the cooling medium for cooling in a direct heat transfer manner, and is low in cost.