The invention discloses a super-resolution imaging method and an implementation device on the basis of Fresnel zone plate coding aiming at solving the problem of failure in obtaining super-resolution images of targets to be measured by the Fresnel zone plate coding method in the prior art. The method comprises following steps: (1) performing coding and imaging to a target to be measured by use of Fresnel zone plates as coding holes to obtain a coded pattern of the target to be measured; (2) performing recovery to the coded pattern by use of a penetration rate function of the mth order Gabor zone plate of the Fresnel zone plate to obtain a super-resolution original image of the target to be measured; m>0. The method and device have reasonable concept, ingenious design, and wide application range. The penetration rate function of the mth order Gabor zone plate of the Fresnel zone plate is used for recovering the coded pattern and therefore the limit of Rayleigh criterion is broken and better super-resolution imaging of targets to be measured is achieved.