The invention discloses a high-voltage electric energy metering cabinet and a method based on real-time monitoring. A primary device voltage transformer and a current transformer are arranged at a high-voltage switch load side, and power of an electric energy meter and power of an acquisition terminal are provided by a secondary side of the voltage transformer; two voltage transformers are arranged at a high-voltage switch power side; the voltage transformers are connected with a voltage detection circuit; the current transformer is connected with a current detection circuit; a circuit where the high-voltage switch is is connected with a temperature detection circuit; the voltage detection circuit, the current detection circuit and the temperature detection circuit are all connected with a controller; and the controller uploads acquired data to an information acquisition main station. Through monitoring current, voltage and temperature when the high-voltage electric energy metering cabinet works in real time, real-time monitoring on the working state of the intelligent electric meter is realized; and when the intelligent electric meter fails, warning is timely carried out, and corresponding handling and adjustment are carried out.