The invention discloses a general multiple serial port communication protocol detection and identification method, and relates to the digital communication field. The method comprises the following steps: writing n serial port communication protocols into an ins configuration file; reading bytes in a serial port reception buffer area to an annular buffer area; detecting a front-most data frame start address in the annular buffer area; judging whether the number of detected data frames meeting a communication protocol is not 0, and if so, copying the content of the detected data frames to a target array, carrying out analysis and deleting the detected data frames from the valid data in the annular buffer area; judging whether the length of the valid data in the annular buffer area is larger than or equal to frame length maxprolen of the communication protocol, the frame length of which is the longest, and if so, keeping the newly-written maxprolen-1 bytes in the valid data in the annular buffer area and deleting other bytes; or otherwise, reading quit identification, and if the quit identification is effective, quitting the method. The method can detect, identify and analyze all of the data frames meeting the communication protocol under the condition of having various abnormities.