The invention relates to a main shaft feeding mechanism for an airplane riveting machine. The main shaft feeding mechanism is structurally characterized in that an electric main shaft is arranged in the center of a main shaft sliding pillow case, a presser foot base B is arranged at the top of the electric main shaft, laser distance measuring devices are arranged on the periphery of the presser foot base B, an presser foot base A is arranged on one sides of the laser distance measuring devices, and a measurement rod installation base is arranged on one side of the presser foot base A; a guide shaft is arranged at the bottom of the presser foot base A, a piston rod is arranged in the guide shaft, an air cylinder front cover and a lining are arranged on the piston rod, a stopping block is arranged on one side of the main shaft sliding pillow case, a guide base is arranged beside the stopping block, and a degree number head support is arranged at the lower portion of the guide base; a piston A is arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, a piston B is arranged at the lower portion of the piston A, an oil cylinder barrel is arranged at the lower end of the piston B, and a grating ruler is arranged beside the oil cylinder barrel; and a measurement rod is arranged on one side of the piston A, a measuring rod ejection block is arranged at the lower end of the measuring rod, and a measuring rod jackscrew base is arranged at the lower end of the measuring rod ejection block. The main shaft feeding mechanism for the airplane riveting machine has the beneficial effects that the airplane riveting machine with the main shaft feeding mechanism is compact in structure, stable in performance and convenient and safe in operation, an automatic coordinate system is achieved, three-dimensional imaging can be achieved, the size of workpieces is visually displayed, autonomic positioning and rotary punching are achieved, and the main shaft feeding mechanism is accurate, efficient, firm and durable.