The invention discloses a method for cultivating a plant sterile line, wherein the method comprises the step of reducing expression or activity of GDSL esterase associated with pollen development in plant plants. The invention also provides a method for making the plants turned from sterile to fertile, wherein the method includes the steps of reducing the synthesis seed of pollen cell membranes and/or delaying the pollen development speed. In addition, the invention provides an application of the pollen development-related GDSL esterase or a coding gene thereof in cultivation of the plant sterile line, or preparation of a plant sterile line cultivation reagent or kit.