The invention relates to a detection method for a surrounding rock bolt-grouting support effect in a working surface extraction period. The following steps are comprised: two working surfaces are selected; non-bolt-grouting support and bolt-grouting support are respectively adopted in two roadways where the two working surfaces are in; a slight shock monitoring instrument is used to probe into stope bearing pressure conditions of the two roadways; and forepoling equivalent distances and surrounding rock failure equivalent distances of the two roadways are respectively determined; through utilization a nondestructive test apparatus, support member equivalent utilization rates of the two roadways are respectively obtained; surrounding rock average maximum convergence displacements of corresponding areas in different surrounding rock stability states are acquired and subjected to statistical counting; corresponding parameter analytical values reflecting comparison of effects between the roadway with the bolt-grouting support and the roadway without the bolt-grouting support are determined; by using the parameter analytical values through a weight analysis method, bolt-grouting effect comprehensive quantitative detection indexes are established; and according to the detected bolt-grouting effect, the on-site bolt-grouting work is guided.