The invention discloses a method for nondestructively identifying authenticity of agilawood.The method includes the steps that a fluorescence spectrum imaging technology is adopted to obtain a spectral cube of original-state authentic agilawood, data analysis is conducted on the spectral cube, spectral characteristics are obtained, and an agilawood standard database is established; full-wave band scanning ranging from 450 nm to 950 nm in range is conducted on an agilawood sample to be detected, the spectral cube of the sample to be detected is collected, after the spectrum of the interested region is obtained, the characteristic spectrum of the sample to be detected is extracted, and the characteristic spectrum is matched with aspectrum chart of the authentic agilawood in the agilawood standard database, and judgment of authenticity of agilawood sample to be detected is achieved according to similarity of a spectral curve.The method for identifying authenticity of agilawood in the lossless mode is proposed for the first time, by means of the method, identification of authenticity of agilawood of any shape and size can be achieved, the process is lossless, rapid and high in accuracy; the method can be used for an agilawood collection market, a traditional Chinese medicine market and the like, and an accurate, convenient and fast detection means is provided for agilawood quality control.