The invention discloses a sample liquid purifying method for detecting squalene contained in cigarette smoke on the basis of the high performance liquid chromatography. The method includes the steps of collecting smoke solid-particle-phase substances, extracting with chloroform, evaporating an obtained extraction solution to dryness in a rotating mode, dissolving with n-hexane, washing with n-hexane, conducting column passing treatment after evaporating to dryness in the rotating mode, eluting with chloroform, collecting an elution solution, evaporating the elution solution to dryness in a rotating mode, sizing with chromatographic acetonitrile, and passing through a filter membrane of 0.22 micron to obtain filtrate, namely, to-be-detected sample liquid, wherein silica gel and N-propylethylenediamine composite solid-phase extracting columns are adopted for column passing. On the basis of a sample preprocessing method, the high performance liquid chromatography detecting method for squalene in cigarette smoke can be established, the chromatographic peak separation is good, and the method has the advantages of being accurate, rapid, high in sensitivity, reproducibility and recovery rate and the like.