The present invention provides a method for predicting a lithologic body on the basis of data reconstruction. The method comprises the following steps: performing extraction and inversion of seismic data of an area to be detected, obtaining prediction data body of a plurality of lithologic bodies in the area, and obtaining the threshold value of the prediction data body corresponding to each lithologic body; performing date reconstruction of each prediction data body which determines the threshold value and then performing weighting processing, obtaining a weighting reconstruction data body for lithology prediction, and obtaining the lithology of the area to be detected according to the weighting and reconstruction data body. The method for predicting lithologic body on the basis of data reconstruction performs analysis of space distribution conditions of different lithologic bodies through reconstruction of data bodies. The method for predicting lithologic body on the basis of data reconstruction is able to perform deassigning of sampling points on the data bodies through setting different data body threshold values for predicting lithologic bodies and perform weighting processing to obtain weighting reconstruction data bodies and moreover, the data bodies are more helpful for distinguishing different lithologic bodies, and the geology effect of the method provided by the invention is better than effect of predicting lithologic bodies through a routine technique method.