The invention discloses a control method based on an SDN multi-domain distribution optical network. The method comprises: a service application request of a current optical network unit as well as flow statistic information of a power user at all time slots in each domain is obtained; the flow statistic information is predicted within first preset time to obtain demanded bandwidth prediction information within future second preset time; according to the demanded bandwidth prediction information, balanced distribution is carried out on link bandwidths of a multi-domain optical network unit; and time slot distribution and time slot energy-saving state information of each optical network unit is calculated and is fed back to the optical network unit. According to the application, bandwidth optimization of the multi-domain PON network is realized and the utilization rate of the distribution network resources can be improved effectively; with a unified control interface, a service quality of each power user is guaranteed; and the operation cost of the network is reduced by using a remote interaction operation way. Dynamic scheduling and distribution according to needs of bandwidth resources are completed by updating a multi-domain controller; the energy consumption of the distribution network is reduced; and an objective of energy conservation and emission reduction is achieved.