The invention discloses a leveling system and method for a feed shaft of a single-grain high-speed continuous scratch testing machine.The leveling system comprises a machine tool, an electric spindle, a scratch disk, the feed shaft, a laser displacement sensor, a turning device and the like.Firstly, the turning device is fixedly connected to the feed shaft, the scratch disk rotates at a high speed, and the scratch disk is vertically turned; secondly, the laser displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the feed shaft, the distance between two different points randomly selected on a radius of the scratch disk is measured by means of feeding of the feed shaft, and the difference of the distances measured twice is calculated; lastly, the height of two supporting parts of the feed shaft is adjusted according to the measured result.The feed shaft can be precisely leveled, the leveling system and method can be used for leveling the feed shaft of the scratch testing machine, and the feed shaft is parallel to the rotation plane of the scratch disk.Test precision of a single-grain high-speed continuous scratch experiment is effectively guaranteed, the method is simple and convenient, and high leveling precision can be obtained.