The invention discloses a neuron hardware structure and a method of simulating a pulse neural network by adopting the neuron hardware structure. The neuron hardware structure is characterized in that a neural network is provided, and comprises a plurality of neuron layers, which comprise a plurality of neurons; every neuron comprises a synapse layer, which comprises a plurality of synapses. The above mentioned method is characterized in that 1) the synapse model can be determined; 2) the synapses can be simulated; 3) the neurons can be simulated; 4) the neuron layers can be simulated; 5) the neural network can be simulated. By adopting the neuron hardware structure, the hardware resources occupied by the single neuron node can be reduced. By adopting the neuron hardware structure to simulate the pulse neural network, the simulation time is short, the expandability is good, the hardware resources occupied by the pulse neural network can be reduced, and then the capability of the hardware device accommodating the neurons can be improved.