The invention provides a terminal and server file synchronization method and device. The terminal and server file synchronization method comprises the steps of selecting dicing scheme from a dicing scheme list of a terminal according to the current network available bandwidth and the redundancy elimination capability and processing overhead of the terminal; dicing a file to be synchronized into a plurality of data blocks according to the dicing scheme; creating an identifier for each data block, and transmitting the identifiers to a server; receiving the identifier by the server, comparing the identifiers with identifiers corresponding to data blocks in the server, determining whether the data blocks to which the identifiers correspond exist in the server, and feeding back a determination result to the terminal; and synchronizing the file to be synchronized to the server by the terminal according to the feedback. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for dynamically selecting the dicing scheme for dicing the file to be synchronized, the data synchronization time is ensured to be the shortest, and the synchronization efficiency is improved.