The invention discloses an electroplating solution and electroplating method for roughening treatment of a cold-rolled roller. The electroplating solution comprises chromic acid, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The electroplating method comprises the steps that firstly, pretreatment is conducted on the surface of the roller before plating; secondly the roller is completely immersed in the electroplating solution, and the distance between the roller surface and the insoluble anode, the temperature of the electroplating solution and the rotation speed of the roller are set; thirdly an electroplating cycle of the roller comprises a pulse current stage and a direct current stage, the time of the pulse current stage is 960-3000 ms, the breakover current density is 10-30 A/dm<2>, the time of the direct current stage is 480-2400 ms, and the current density is 1-10 A/dm<2>; and finally, after the thickness of a plating layer of the roller reaches 15-120 micrometers, electroplating is finished. By the adoption of the electroplating solution and electroplating method, a chromium coating of the specific spherical micro structure is formed on the surface of the roller, and the purpose of meeting the surface texture requirements such as specific roughness and peak value density is achieved.