The invention provides an efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly pump for pumping petroleum, and belongs to petroleum exploitation equipment. An upper magnet and a lower magnet of the efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly pump for pumping petroleum are respectively arranged outside a petroleum pump shell, a protecting shell is fixed on the petroleum pump shell, an annular floating body is fixed under the protecting shell, and a filter is fixed at a petroleum inlet hole of the lower end of the petroleum pump shell; a petroleum outlet valve is fixed in a central hole of the petroleum pump shell, a magnetic induction piston is arranged in the petroleum pump shell, a sealing ball or sealing cone seals a petroleum inlet channel of a petroleum inlet cavity, and a sealing plate seals a petroleum inlet channel of an extrusion cavity; and a fixing plug is fixed in a plug hole in the magnetic induction piston, a sealing ball or sealing cone is mounted in an inner cone hole, and an accommodating hole is formed in the lower end of the magnetic induction piston. The efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly pump for pumping the petroleum is compact in structure, small in vibration, high in electric energy utilization rate and powerful, is high in petroleum pumping efficiency, and is suitable for pumping petroleum from a petroleum well and pumping petroleum from a petroleum settling pond; when petroleum is pumped, silt and water do not enter the petroleum pump; and after a power supply is switched off, the petroleum can be delivered in a self-flowing manner, so that electric energy is saved.