The invention belongs to the electric technology field and particularly relates to a 10kV distribution network line fault prevention method. The method mainly comprises steps that a first step, estimated fault reasons are determined; the fault reasons contain external force damage, tree damage, bird damage, user equipment reasons, equipment defects, cable faults, lightning stroke and pollution; and a second step, prevention measures for different fault reasons are carried out, for the reasons of external force damage, tree damage, bird damage, user equipment reasons and equipment defects, function inspection on the user equipment should be reinforced, regular training and communication are carried out, equipment management responsibility systems are performed, equipment inspection and unkeep test are strictly carried out according to operation rules, inspection and check on a cable line are reinforced, wiring path change can be taken into consideration for a line in a pollution region, the pollution region can be avoided, fault types can be classified after the faults occur, and reasonable and effective measures are adopted for processing.