The invention discloses a voltage level uncertainty influence elastic network regression analysis method of a power distribution network. The method comprises the following steps of estimating a voltage expectation value of a node by a point estimation method; building a training sample required by an elastic network algorithm according to the expectation value; determining a leading influence source with the most influence on each node voltage and influence quantity of the leading influence source in each uncertainty source by elastic network regression analysis on the node voltage; building a node-uncertainty influence source correlation matrix according to uncertainty source probability distribution characteristic and a node voltage regression equation; introducing singular value decomposition to obtain an action mode of the uncertainty source on each node voltage and a corresponding node classification result. With the elastic network regression analysis method proposed by the invention, the uncertainty influence and the action mode of the uncertainty source such as a distributed power supply and a fluctuation load in the power distribution network on each node voltage can be quantitatively analyzed.