The invention discloses a high-temperature smoke dust removal method and system. Before high-temperature smoke is sent into a dust remover, a hardening and tempering agent is added to the smoke to absorb SO3 in the smoke, the dust viscosity is reduced, and meanwhile, agglomeration and coagulation performance of fine particles in the smoke is improved. The adopted system comprises a waste heat boiler, smoke hardening and tempering equipment and an electric bag composite dust remover, wherein the waste heat boiler is connected with a smoke exhaust port of a glass kiln and used for heat exchange and cooling of the high-temperature smoke; a smoke inlet of the electric bag composite dust remover is communicated with the waste heat boiler through a first pipeline; the smoke hardening and tempering equipment is arranged on the first pipeline and used for adding the hardening and tempering agent to the high-temperature smoke in the pipeline; a smoke outlet of the electric bag composite dust remover is connected to a denitration reactor through a fifth pipeline. The hardening and tempering agent is sufficiently mixed with the smoke, dust removal treatment is performed in combination of the electric bag composite dust remover, the dust removal effect is remarkable, and damage of the high-temperature smoke to the dust removal equipment is reduced.