The invention provides a sprayer device and a construction method for improving concrete spraying quality. The sprayer device comprises a sprayer body, wherein the sprayer body is provided with a sprayer expansion part and a sprayer cap arranged at the front end of the sprayer expansion part, multiple air holes and multiple concrete holes are formed in the sprayer cap, and the air holes are located on the periphery of the concrete holes; the sprayer expansion part is provided with two layers of cavities which are not communicated, the first layer of cavity is a high-pressure air delivery cavity which is communicated with a high-pressure air delivery pipe to charge high-pressure air, and the end part of the cavity is communicated with the air holes to spray the high-pressure air; the second layer of cavity is a concrete delivery cavity which is communicated with a concrete delivery pipe to charge concrete, and the end part of the cavity is communicated with the concrete holes to spray the concrete. According to the sprayer device and the construction method, concrete spraying rebounding and splashing can be effectively reduced, thereby fulfilling the aim of improving the concrete spraying quality.