The invention discloses a ground cold exchange injection system which is arranged on the ground. The ground cold exchange injection system comprises an ultralow temperature cold source circulation system for conveying a cold source, a cold exchange device, a refrigerant liquid circulation system for conveying refrigerant liquid and a modification solution injection system for conveying phase change liquid and spacer fluid. An ultralow temperature cold source in the ultralow temperature cold source circulation system and the refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant liquid circulation system are injected into the cold exchange device simultaneously to perform cold exchange; after absorbing refrigeration capacity of the a refrigerant, the refrigerant liquid flows out of the cold exchange device and then is injected into an oil pipe in a well, the refrigerant liquid can be cooled on the construction site, the conveying and heat insulation of plenty of refrigerant liquid by means of a tank car are not needed, the conveying time and cost are reduced, and a very high cost is reduced. Besides, the production and use of the low-temperature refrigerant liquid can completely meet the construction requirements on direct supply, the refrigerant liquid is always kept at a temperature required by construction before going into the well, and users do not need to worry about the loss of refrigeration capacity during the transportation.