The invention discloses an adaptive explosive with a temperature-resistant heat-adsorption casing and a manufacturing method and a charging method of the adaptive explosive. The adaptive explosive with the temperature-resistant heat-adsorption casing comprises a flexible heat-insulation casing, hydrogel and an explosive cartridge; the explosive cartridge is disposed in the flexible heat-insulation casing; the hydrogel is filled between the explosive cartridge and the flexible heat-insulation casing and exceeds the top of the explosive cartridge; both openings of the flexible heat-insulation casing are closed; and adaptive through holes are formed in the upper portion of the flexible heat-insulation casing. The explosive cartridge is charged in the flexible heat-insulation casing in an uncouple manner, the hydrogel is filled in the gap, and thus the heat-resistant protection mechanism of external heat insulation and internal heat adsorption is carried out, and the accident that the explosive cartridge charged inside the explosive is exploded before the set time is avoided.