The invention discloses a blood collection tube rotating and compressing device. The blood collection tube rotating and compressing device comprises a driving mechanism, a pushing plate, a first sliding block, a second sliding block, a rotating mechanism, a compressing mechanism, a first elastic piece and a second elastic piece; the pushing plate moves vertically under the driving of the driving mechanism; the first sliding block and the second sliding block move vertically under the driving of the pushing plate; the rotating mechanism is used for vibrating a blood collection tube; the compressing mechanism is used for pressing the blood collection tube; the first elastic piece is used for connecting the driving mechanism and the first sliding block; the second elastic piece is used for connecting the driving mechanism and the compressing mechanism. When blood is sampled, the rotating mechanism and the compressing mechanism work under the control of the driving device; a blood sample is vibrated uniformly through the rotating mechanism; meanwhile, the blood collection tube is prevented from being pulled when a puncture needle is pulled out because of the action of the compressing mechanism. According to the blood collection tube rotating compressing device, the labour intensity caused by vibrating and compressing the blood collection tube manually is avoided; the sampling requirements of the blood collection tubes with different lengths can be met, so that a sampling process is simple and convenient, the labour intensity is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.