Disclosed are a data exchange device and a system. The data exchange device comprises: a photovoltaic conversion unit, a recognition unit, an electrical exchange unit, an electro-optical conversion unit, an optical exchange control unit and an optical exchange unit. The photovoltaic conversion unit is used for performing photovoltaic conversion on a first optical data packet and an optical label, wherein the optical label carries exchange information about a second optical data packet, and the first optical data packet and the second optical data packet respectively is data packets to be exchanged using electrical packet exchange and optical packet exchange. The recognition unit is used for recognizing whether an electrical signal output by the photovoltaic conversion unit is from the optical label or the first optical data packet. The data exchange device and the system can fully utilize the advantages of electrical packet exchange technology and optical packet exchange technology to rapidly exchange data packets to be exchanged. The photovoltaic conversion required for completing the electrical packet exchange and the photovoltaic conversion required for the optical packet exchange to extract exchange information about a data packet use the same photovoltaic conversion unit, thereby saving the photovoltaic conversion device.