The invention discloses a double-electric zone dust treatment device which comprises a bracket, and a smoke cavity and an air inlet cavity fixed through the bracket, wherein the air inlet cavity is arranged above the smoke cavity; an air outlet is formed in the lower end of the smoke cavity; a group of anode gusset plates and a group of cathode gusset plates are arranged in the smoke cavity; and the anode gusset plates and the cathode gusset plates are arranged in a staggered manner. According to the double-electric zone dust treatment device and a utilization method thereof, dust of which the size is smaller than nano can be effectively treated, the treatment efficiency is high, and the effect far exceeds the conventional national emission standard.