The invention discloses an abrasion-resistant cement-based self-leveling mortar.The abrasion-resistant cement-based self-leveling mortar is prepared by mixing ordinary Portland cement, high alumina cement, quartz sand, coarse whiting powder, anhydrite powder, an early strength agent, a water reducing agent, a retarder, a defoaming agent, dispersible latex powder, a water retention agent and an abrasion-resisting agent.The abrasion-resistant cement-based self-leveling mortar uses the high alumina cement and the ordinary Portland cement as binding materials in a compounded mode and uses the anhydrite powder to produce irreversible expansion in the cement condensation hardening process and prevent later shrinkage of the mortar.The abrasion-resisting agent improved by a foaming agent is also added in the composition, the apparent density of the abrasion-resisting agent is moderate, and the abrasion-resisting agent does not result in accumulation and sedimentation when being used in the self-leveling mortar and can be evenly distributed.In addition, a porous structure can be fully bonded and infiltrated with auxiliary materials, an admixture and base layer concrete and makes the abrasion resistance of the floor surface of the self-leveling mortar improved greatly.The application range of the self-leveling mortar in warehouses, underground parking garages and other places is widened.