The invention discloses a method for preparing a fabric-reinforced ceramic-based composite material. The method includes steps of rolling fibers; adding the fibers in mud pits; detaching the fibers; cutting off the fibers; drying the fibers; sintering the fibers and the like to obtain the fabric-reinforced ceramic-based composite material. Slurry comprises ceramic base powder, distilled water and organic binders; the fibers are selectively strands which are easy to disperse and have small twist numbers, and the surfaces of the fibers keep clean and pollution-free; the fibers are heated and pressurized in hot pressing sintering procedures according to preset laws, and particles of ceramic bases are redistributed in hot pressing procedures. The method has the advantages that the fabric-reinforced ceramic-based composite material is low in production cost and excellent in fireproof performance, internal structures can be guaranteed against deforming when the internal structures are under the effects of external force or when the temperatures change, accordingly, the toughness of ceramics can be improved, and the brittleness of the ceramics can be deteriorated.