The invention discloses an indoor earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation system for studying soft ground stress response. The system mainly comprises a shield, a propelling system, a cutterhead digging and cutting system and a screw conveying system, wherein the shield comprises a front shield (1), a middle shield (2) and a tail shield (3), the front shield (1) comprises a front shield inner soil bin partition board (26); the cutterhead digging and cutting system comprises a cutterhead (4), a main driving motor (8), a swivel joint (9) and a rotating shaft (10); the screw conveying system comprises an oblique screw conveyor (5) and a horizontal screw conveyor (6); pressure sensors (7) are arranged at the tops of the front shield (1), the middle shield (2) and the tail shield (3) respectively in the longitudinal direction; two pressure sensors (7) and three ameliorant filling ports (11) are arranged on the front shield inner soil bin partition board (26); two pressure sensors (7) and two ameliorant filling ports (11) are arranged on the cutterhead (4); the pressure sensors (7) and an ameliorant filling port (11) are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the oblique screw conveyor (5). The indoor earth pressure balance shield tunneling simulation system can reflect the interaction between soft ground and shielding, so that shield tunneling mechanical behaviors are studied deeply.